Module:IPA symbol/data
 | This Lua module is used on approximately ༥,༤༠༠ pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the module's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own module sandbox. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
Before adding a symbol here, consider using the display text option of {{IPA link}}, as in {{IPA link|p|b̥}}.
When editing the data, make sure it has no errors by checking the overview below (note, however, that it is not capable of detecting all errors).
Overview
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No errors were found. 499 entries (440 in "sounds", 59 in "diacritics"), 1109 symbols (871 in "sounds", 238 in "diacritics"). Parentheses denote a link automatically inherited from the name field. In italics are redirects.
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local data = {
sounds = {},
diacritics = {},
univPatterns = {
{
pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G
rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
},
{
pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay
rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde
},
{
pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
},
{
pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark
rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe
},
{
pat = "ı", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless I
rep = "i" -- Latin Small Letter I
},
{
pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J
rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J
},
{
pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T
rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click
},
{
pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C
rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click
},
{
pat = "𝼋", --
rep = "ǂ" --
},
{
pat = "ψ", -- Greek Letter Psi
rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
},
{
pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
},
{
pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
},
{
pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop
rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click
},
{
pat = "ɋ", --
rep = "ʘ" --
},
{
pat = "ꞵ", -- Latin Small Letter Beta
rep = "β" -- Greek Small Letter Beta
},
{
pat = "γ", -- Greek Small Letter Gamma
rep = "ɣ" -- Latin Small Letter Gamma
},
{
pat = "φ", -- Greek Small Letter Phi
rep = "ɸ" -- Latin Small Letter Phi
},
{
pat = "ꭓ", -- Latin Small Letter Chi
rep = "χ" -- Greek Small Letter Chi
},
},
keyPatterns = {
-- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics
{
pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle
rep = ""
},
{
pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K
rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K
},
{
pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng
rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng
},
}
}
local rawData = {
sounds = {
-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- Nasals
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་སྣ་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་སྣ།",
symbols = { "m̥", "p̃" },
audio = "Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་གདངས་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་སྣ།",
symbols = { "m", "b̃" },
audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་ལྦིའོ་ཌེན་ཊལ་སྣ་ཁ།",
symbols = { "ɱ̊", "ɱ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་སྒྲའི་སྣ་ཁུང་།",
symbols = { "ɱ" },
audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal",
symbols = { "n̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་སོའི་སྣ།",
symbols = { "n̪̊" }
},
{
name = "སོན་ནེནཊསོའི་སྣ་ཁུང་།",
symbols = { "n̪" },
audio = "Voiced Dental Nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̥", "t̃" },
audio = "Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n", "d̃"},
audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̠̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་ ཕྱིར་ལོག་སྣ་ཁ།",
symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥", "ʈ̃" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex nasal",
symbols = { "ɳ", "ɖ̃"},
audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "n̠̊ʲ", "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊", "ȶ̃" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "n̠ʲ", "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" ,"ȡ̃"},
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་མཆུ་སྣུམ།",
symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥", "c̃" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ", "ɟ̃" },
audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ɲ", "ŋ˖", "ŋ᫈", "ŋ̟" },
article = "Voiced post-palatal nasal"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥", "k̃" },
audio = "Voiceless velar nasal.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋ", "ɡ̃" },
audio = "Velar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ", "ŋ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ̥", "ɴ̊", "q̃" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ", "ɢ̃" },
audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg"
},
-- Plosives
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་ བི་ལི་བི་ཡལ་ ཨོ་ཀ་ལུ་སི།",
symbols = { "p" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial plosive",
symbols = { "b" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental plosive",
symbols = { "p̪" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental plosive.wav"
},
{
name = "པོསཊ་སོན་ནེནཊལྦིའོ་ཌེནཊལ་པོལོ་སིབ།",
symbols = { "p̪b̪", "p̪ˬ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental plosive",
symbols = { "b̪" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental plosive.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless linguolabial plosive",
symbols = { "t̼" },
audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial plosive",
symbols = { "d̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental plosive",
symbols = { "t̪" },
audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental plosive",
symbols = { "d̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "t" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "d" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar plosive",
symbols = { "t̠" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar plosive",
symbols = { "d̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex plosive",
symbols = { "ʈ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex plosive",
symbols = { "ɖ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་ཨལ་ཝེ་ལོ་-པེ་ཊལ་པོ་ལོ་སི།",
symbols = { "t̻˗ʲ", "c̟", "ȶ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive",
symbols = { "d̻˗ʲ", "ɟ˖", "ɟ᫈", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal plosive",
symbols = { "c" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal plosive",
symbols = { "ɟ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "སུརཌཔོས་པལ་ཊཱལསྒྲ་བཀག་པ།",
symbols = { "c̠", "k̟", "𐓦" },
},
{
name = "སོ་ནན་ཊི་ པོསཊ་པ་ལ་ཊལ་ ཨོ་ཀ་ལུ་སི།",
symbols = { "ɟ", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ᫈", "ɡ̟", "ꬶ" },
article = "Voiced post-palatal plosive"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar plosive",
symbols = { "k" },
audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊཝེ་ལརབཀག་པའི་སྒྲ།",
symbols = { "ɡ" },
audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular plosive",
symbols = { "q˖", "q᫈", "q̟", "k̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular plosive",
symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ", "ɡ̠" },
audio = "Voiced velar-uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular plosive",
symbols = { "q" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular plosive",
symbols = { "ɢ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal plosive",
symbols = { "ꞯ" },
audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal plosive",
symbols = { "𝼂" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Epiglottal plosive",
symbols = { "ʡ" },
audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Glottal stop",
symbols = { "ʔ" },
audio = "Glottal stop.ogg"
},
-- Affricates
{
name = "སུརཌ་བི་ལ་བྷི་ཡལ་ཧིསི་ལེསི་ཨ་ཕི་རི་ཀེཊ།",
symbols = { "pɸ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial affricate",
symbols = { "bβ" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial affricate.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial trilled affricate",
symbols = { "t̪ʙ̥", "tʙ̥", "tʙ̥ʰ" },
article = "Voiceless bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial trilled affricate",
symbols = { "t̪ʙ", "tʙ" },
article = "Voiced bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release"
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་ལྦི་ཨོ་ཌེན་ཊལ་ ཧིསི་སི་མེད་པའི་ཨ་ཕི་རི་ཀེཊ།",
symbols = { "p̪f" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental affricate",
symbols = { "b̪v" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "t̪s̪" },
audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "d̪z̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental affricate",
symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" },
audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "སྐད་སྒྲའི་སོའི་སྐད་སྒྲ་མེད་པའི་ཨཕ་རི་ཀཊ།",
symbols = { "d̪ð", "dð" },
audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊཨལ་ཝེ་ཨོ་ལཱརཧིསི་སི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་ཊི།",
symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tθ͇" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dð͇" },
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་པལ་ཊོ་ཨལ་ཝེ་ཨོ་ལར་སི་བི་ལེནཊ་ཨ་ཕི་རི་ཀེཊ།",
symbols = { "t̻˗ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar affricate",
symbols = { "d̻˗ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "d̠ɹ̠᷵", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate",
symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ", "ꭧ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex affricate",
symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ", "ꭦ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "dɻ˔", "ɖɻ᷵", "d̠ɻ̝", "ɖɻ˔" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པཨལ་ཝེ་ལོ་པ་ལ་ཊལསི་བི་ལེནཊཨ་ཕི་རི་ཀེཊ།",
symbols = { "ȶɕ", "tɕ", "cɕ", "t̻˗ʃʲ", "tʃʲ", "ʨ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "ȡʑ", "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "d̻˗ʒʲ", "dʒʲ", "ʥ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal affricate",
symbols = { "cç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal affricate",
symbols = { "ɟʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar affricate",
symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" },
article = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar affricate",
symbols = { "kx" },
audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar affricate",
symbols = { "ɡɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate",
symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular affricate",
symbols = { "qχ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular affricate",
symbols = { "ɢʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate",
symbols = { "ꞯħ" },
audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate",
symbols = { "𝼂ʕ" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʔh" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg"
},
-- Fricatives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative",
symbols = { "ɸ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial fricative",
symbols = { "β" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative",
symbols = { "f͆" },
audio = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dentolabial fricative",
symbols = { "v͆" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental fricative",
symbols = { "f" },
audio = "Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊལྦིའོ་ཌེནཊལཕྲེག་ཊིབམེད་པརཧིསི་སི་སྒྲ།",
symbols = { "v" },
audio = "Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative",
symbols = { "θ̼" },
audio = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative",
symbols = { "ð̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental fricative",
symbols = { "θ" },
audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental fricative",
symbols = { "ð" },
audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "s̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "z̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" },
},
{
name = "སྐད་མེད་པའི་ཨལ་ཝེ་ཨོ་ལར་སི་བི་ལེནཊ་ཕི་རི་ཀེ་ཊིབ།",
symbols = { "s" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "z" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s̺" },
},
{
name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "z̺" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "s̠" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "z̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "ɹ̝̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "ɹ̝" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative",
symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative",
symbols = { "ɾ̞" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatoalveolar sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ʃ", "s̻˗" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatoalveolar fricative",
symbols = { "ʒ", "z̻˗" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̠᷵", "ɹ̝˗" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative",
symbols = { "ʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex fricative",
symbols = { "ʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɻ̝̊", "ɻ̊˔"},
audio = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ᷵" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɕ" , "ʃʲ", "s̠ʲ"},
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʑ", "ʒʲ", "z̠ʲ"},
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɧ", "ç˗", "ç̠", "ç", "x̟" },
audio = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɧ̬", "ʝ", "ʝ̠", "ɣ᫈", "ɣ̟" },
audio = "Voiced post-palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar fricative",
symbols = { "x" },
audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar fricative",
symbols = { "ɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative",
symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative",
symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular fricative",
symbols = { "χ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊཨུ་ཝུ་ལཧིསི་ལེསི་ཕི་རི་ཀ་ཊིབ།",
symbols = { "ʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ħ" },
audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ʕ" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal fricative",
symbols = { "ʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་སྒྲའི་ཨེ་པི་གྷོ་ཊལ་ ནོན་སི་བི་ལེནཊ་ཕི་རི་ཀེ་ཊིབ།",
symbols = { "ʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal fricative",
symbols = { "h" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊགློ་ཊལཧིསི་སི་མ་བཏུབཕྲེག་ཊིབ།",
symbols = { "ɦ" },
audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless bidental fricative",
symbols = { "h̪͆" },
audio = "Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg"
},
-- Approximants
{
name = "Voiced bilabial approximant",
symbols = { "β̞" },
audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental approximant",
symbols = { "ʋ̥", "f̞" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental approximant",
symbols = { "ʋ", "v̞"},
audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "སུརཌསོའི་ཁང་ཚན་བཅར་ནི་སྒྲ༌",
symbols = { "θ̞", "ɹ̪̊" },
audio = "Voiceless dental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental approximant",
symbols = { "ð̞", "ɹ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ" },
audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced laminal alveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̻" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̠̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̠" },
audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex approximant",
symbols = { "ɻ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex approximant",
symbols = { "ɻ" },
audio = "Retroflex Approximant2.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j̊", "ç˕", "ç̞"},
audio = "Voiceless palatal approximant.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" },
audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊ པོས་པལ་ཊཱལ མིན ཧིས་སི བཅར་ནི་",
symbols = { "j", "j̠", "ʝ˕˗", "ʝ˗˕", "ʝ̞˗", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ɣ˕˖", "ɣ˖˕", "ɣ̞˖" },
audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Labialized post-palatal or pre-velar approximant",
symbols = { "j˗ʷ", "jʷ", "j̈ʷ", "ɥ̫̈", "ẅ", "w̟" },
audio = "Voiced labialized post-palatal approximant.ogg",
article = "Labialized post-palatal approximant"
},
{
name = "Voiced compressed post-palatal approximant",
symbols = { "ɥ˗", "ɥ" },
},
{
name = "སུརཌཝེ་ལརམིན-སི་བི་ལེནཊབཅར་ནི་།",
symbols = { "ɰ̊" },
audio = "Voiceless velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar approximant",
symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ", "ɣ̞" },
audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar bunched approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̈ "},
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular approximant",
symbols = { "ʁ̞" },
audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant",
symbols = { "ʕ̞" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant",
symbols = { "ʢ̞", "ʕ̞˗" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal approximant",
symbols = { "h̞" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal approximant.wav"
},
-- Taps/flaps
{
name = "Voiced bilabial flap",
symbols = { "b̮", "b̆" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental flap",
symbols = { "ⱱ" },
audio = "Labiodental flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̪̊" },
article = "Voiceless dental tap"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̪" },
article = "Dental tap",
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̥", "t̆" },
article = "Voiceless alveolar tap",
audio = "Voiceless alveolar tap.wav"
},
{
name = "སྐད་སྒྲའི་ཨལ་ཝེ་ཨོ་ལར་ཕ་ལེབ།",
symbols = { "ɾ", "d̆" },
audio = "Alveolar flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" },
audio = "Alveolar nasal tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex flap",
symbols = { "ɽ̊","ʈ̆" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex flap",
symbols = { "ɽ", "ɖ̆" },
audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex nasal flap",
symbols = { "ɽ̃", "ɳ̆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced velar tap",
symbols = { "ɡ̆" },
audio = "Voiced velar tap.wav"
},
{
name = "སོན་ནེནཊཀཝ་-ཝེ་ལརཕ་ལེབ།",
symbols = { "ɡ̆˗" },
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɢ̆" },
audio = "Voiced uvular tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal tap",
symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʡ̮" },
audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga"
},
-- Trills
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial trill",
symbols = { "ʙ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial trill",
symbols = { "ʙ" },
audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiolingual trill",
symbols = { "r̼̊" },
audio = "Voiceless linguolabial trill.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiolingual trill",
symbols = { "r̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial trill.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental trill",
symbols = { "r̪̊" }
},
{
name = "Voiced dental trill",
symbols = { "r̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "སྐད་སྒྲའི་ཨལ་ཝེ་ཨོ་ལར་ཊིརིལ།",
symbols = { "r" },
audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill",
symbols = { "r̝̊" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar raised non-sonorant trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill",
symbols = { "r̝" },
audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̠̊" }
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex trill",
symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex trill",
symbols = { "ɽr" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular trill",
symbols = { "ʀ" },
audio = "Uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill",
symbols = { "ᴙ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal trill",
symbols = { "ᴙ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg"
},
-- Lateral affricates
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "tɬ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "dɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔", "tɭ̊˔", "ʈɭ̊", "tɭ̊", "ʈꞎ", "tꞎ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɖɭ˔", "dɭ˔", "ɖɭ", "dɭ", "ɖ𝼅", "d𝼅" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥", "c𝼆", "t𝼆" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ", "ɟ𝼆̬", "d𝼆̬" },
audio = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "c𝼆˗" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥", "k𝼄" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ", "ɡ𝼄̬" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
-- Lateral fricatives
{
name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̠" }
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ"},
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɭ˔", "𝼅" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̻˗ʲ", "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̻̊˗˔", "l̠̊ʲ", "ʎ̟̊", "ȴ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "𝼆" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝", "𝼆̬" },
audio = "ʎ̝ IPA sound.opus"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "𝼆̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝˗", "ʟ̟᷵" },
article = "Voiced pre-velar lateral fricative"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "𝼄" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʟ̝", "𝼄̬" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral approximants
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̥", "ɬ̞" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "སོནནཊ་ཨཱལ་ཝི་ཨོ་ལརཧིསི་མ་འབད་བཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཐབས་ལམ།",
symbols = { "l", "ɮ˕", "ɮ̞"},
audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɭ̊", "ꞎ˕", "ꞎ̞" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɭ", "𝼅˕", "𝼅̞" },
audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̻˗ʲ", "ʎ̟", "ȴ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʎ̥", "𝼆̞" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʎ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ̥", "𝼄̞"},
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ" },
audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ̠" },
audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Lateral taps/flaps
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ̼" }
},
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ̪" }
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ", "l̆"},
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɭ̥̆", "𝼈̊", "𝼈̥" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɭ̆", "𝼈", "𝼈 (ɺ̢)" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap (correct).wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap",
symbols = { "ʎ̆", "ʎ̮" },
audio = "Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral tap",
symbols = { "ʟ̆" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral tap.wav"
},
-- Lateral trills
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral trill",
symbols = { "r͢l", "rˡ", "𝼑" },
},
-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- Ejective stops
{
name = "Bilabial ejective stop",
symbols = { "pʼ" },
audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental ejective stop",
symbols = { "t̪ʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective stop",
symbols = { "tʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective stop",
symbols = { "ʈʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective stop",
symbols = { "cʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective stop",
symbols = { "kʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective stop",
symbols = { "qʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg"
},
-- Ejective affricates
{
name = "Labiodental ejective affricate",
symbols = { "p̪fʼ" },
},
{
name = "Dental ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "tsʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Postalveolar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective affricate",
symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ","t̠ʃʲʼ","tʃʲʼ", "t̠s̠ʲʼ", "cɕʼ" },
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective affricate",
symbols = { "cçʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "kxʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective affricate",
symbols = { "qχʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg"
},
-- Ejective fricatives
{
name = "Bilabial ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɸʼ" },
audio = "Bilabial ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Labiodental ejective fricative",
symbols = { "fʼ" },
audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental ejective fricative",
symbols = { "θʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "sʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Postalveolar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɕʼ" , "ʃʲʼ", "s̠ʲʼ"},
audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective fricative",
symbols = { "çʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "xʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective fricative",
symbols = { "χʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral ejective affricates
{
name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ", "c𝼆ʼ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ", "k𝼄ʼ" },
audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "q𝼄ʼ", "q𝼄̠ʼ", "qʟ̝̊ʼ" },
},
-- Lateral ejective fricatives
{
name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɬʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Ejective trills
{
name = "Ejective trill",
symbols = { "ʙ̥ʼ", "r̼̊ʼ", "r̪̊ʼ", "r̥ʼ", "r̠̊ʼ", "ɽr̥ʼ", "ʀ᫊̊ʼ", "ʀ̥ʼ" },
article = "Ejective consonant"
},
-- Voiceless clicks
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ", "kʘ kʘ" },
audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental click",
symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" },
audio = "Dental click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" },
audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal click",
symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" },
audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex click",
symbols = { "𝼊", "k𝼊", "k𝼊 k𝼊", "𝼊 𝼊" },
audio = "Retrflx click.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar click",
symbols = { "ʞ" },
},
-- Voiced clicks
{
name = "Voiced bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental click",
symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex click",
symbols = { "𝼊̬", "ɡ𝼊" },
},
-- Nasal clicks
{
name = "Bilabial nasal click",
symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ", "ⁿʘ", "ŋʘ ŋʘ" },
audio = "Bilabial nasal click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental nasal click",
symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ", "ⁿǀ" },
},
{
name = "Alveolar nasal click",
symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ", "ⁿǃ" },
audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal nasal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ", "ⁿǂ" },
},
{
name = "Retroflex nasal click",
symbols = { "𝼊̃", "ŋ𝼊", "ⁿ𝼊" },
},
-- Lateral clicks
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral click",
symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click",
symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" },
},
-- Lateral nasal clicks
{
name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click",
symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ", "ⁿǁ" },
},
-- Glottalized clicks
{
name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click",
symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized dental nasal click",
symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click",
symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click",
symbols = { "𝼊̃ˀ", "𝼊ˀ", "ŋ𝼊ˀ", "ŋ̊𝼊ˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click",
symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" },
},
-- Egressive clicks (for Damin)
{
name = "Egressive bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ↑" },
},
-- Implosives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive",
symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ", "pʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial implosive",
symbols = { "ɓ" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̪̥", "ɗ̪̊", "ƭ̪", "t̪ʼ↓" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ", "tʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊཨལ་ཝེ་ཨོ་ལཱརཁབ་བཙུགས་པསྒྲ་བཀག་པ།",
symbols = { "ɗ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive",
symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥", "𝼉" },
audio = "Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "སོ་ནནཊརི་ཊོ་ཕེལེགསིཁབ་བཙུགས་པསྒྲ་བཀག་པ།",
symbols = { "ᶑ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ", "cʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ̠", "ʄ˗" }
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ̟", "ɠ˖" }
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ", "kʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ" },
audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular implosive",
symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ", "qʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular implosive",
symbols = { "ʛ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg"
},
-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
-- Co-articulated nasals
{
name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "nm" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–retroflex nasal",
symbols = { "ɳm" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋm" },
audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated plosives
{
name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "tp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial-alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "db" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive",
symbols = { "ʈp" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–retroflex plosive",
symbols = { "ɖb" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar plosive",
symbols = { "kp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar plosive",
symbols = { "ɡb" },
audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive",
symbols = { "qp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive",
symbols = { "qʡ" },
},
-- Co-articulated implosives
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ̊ɓ̥", "kɓ̥", "ƙƥ", "kpʼ↓", "kƥ" },
audio = "Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠɓ", "ɡɓ" },
audio = "Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated ejectives
{
name = "Labial–alveolar ejective stop",
symbols = { "tpʼ" },
},
-- Co-articulated continuants
{
name = "Voiceless labial–palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɥ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant",
symbols = { "ɥ" },
audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labialized velar fricative",
symbols = { "ʍ", "xʷ" },
audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labialized velar approximant",
symbols = { "w̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labialized velar approximant",
symbols = { "w", "ɰʷ", "ɣ̞ʷ", "ɣʷ"},
audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ", "ɣ̞ᵝ", "ɣᵝ"},
article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant",
},
-- Co-articulated lateral approximants
{
name = "Velarized and pharyngealized voiced dental lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɫ̪" },
},
{
name = "Velarized and pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɫ" },
audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Nasalized approximants
{
name = "Nasalized voiced palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j̃" },
audio = "Nasal palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Nasalized voiced velar approximant",
symbols = { "ɰ̃", "ɣ̞̃", "ɣ̃˕" },
audio = "Nasal velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "w̃" },
audio = "Voiced labialized velar nasal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Nasalized voiceless glottal approximant",
symbols = { "h̃" },
},
{
name = "Nasalized voiced glottal approximant",
symbols = { "ɦ̃" },
},
-- VOWELS
-- Close vowels
{
name = "Close front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "i" },
audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "y" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ", "y᫇" },
audio = "Close front protruded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɨ", "ï", "ɯ̈" },
audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʉ", "ü" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Close back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɯ" },
audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "u" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" },
audio = "Ja-U.oga"
},
-- Near-close vowels
{
name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɪ", "i̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ", "y̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɪ̠", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" },
audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" },
audio = "Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɯ̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "ཉེ་བར་མཐོན་པོ་ཉེ་བར་རྒྱབ་ཟླུམ་སྒྲའི་སྒྲ།",
symbols = { "ʊ", "u̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ" },
},
-- Close-mid vowels
{
name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "e" },
audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ø" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" },
},
{
name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" },
audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɵ", "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ö", "ɘʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɤ" },
audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "o", "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" },
},
-- Mid vowels
{
name = "སྦུག་གི་གདོང་ཕྱོགསལྷོད་ལྷོད་ཅནསྒྲ༌",
symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝", "ᴇ" },
audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝", "ꭥ̷" },
audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" },
},
{
name = "Mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ə", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝", "ᴔ" },
audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" },
audio = "ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus"
},
{
name = "Mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝", "ꭥ" },
audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Open-mid vowels
{
name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɛ" , "æ̝"},
audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "œ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" },
},
{
name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" },
audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɞ", "ɔ̈" },
audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʌ" },
audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɔ" },
audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Near-open vowels
{
name = "Near-open front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "æ", "ɛ̞", "a̝"},
audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ" },
audio = "Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ̜", "ɜ̞" },
audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" },
audio = "Near-open central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Open vowels
{
name = "Open front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "a", "æ̞" },
audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɶ" },
audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ä", "a̠", "ɑ̈" },
audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɶ̈" },
audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɑ" },
audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Nasalized open back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɑ̃" },
audio = "Fr-en.ogg",
article = "Nasal vowel",
},
{
name = "ཉུངམ་ལོག་འོང་ནི་རིལ་རི་སྒྲ༌",
symbols = { "ɒ" },
audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Other vowels
{
name = "R-colored vowel",
symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" },
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
{
name = "Diphthong",
symbols = { "ou", "æe", "ɑo", "eɪ", "aɪ", "oʊ", "əʊ", "aʊ", "ɔɪ", "oi", "aɯ" },
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
{
name = "Primary stress",
symbols = { "ˈ" },
article = "Stress (linguistics)",
},
{
name = "Secondary stress",
symbols = { "ˌ" },
},
{
name = "Minor (foot) group",
symbols = { "|" },
article = "Prosodic unit",
},
{
name = "Major (intonation) group",
symbols = { "‖" },
article = "Prosodic unit",
},
{
name = "Syllable break",
symbols = { "." },
article = "Syllable",
},
{
name = "Linking (absence of a break)",
symbols = { "‿" },
article = "Connected speech",
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
{
name = "Downstep",
symbols = { "ꜜ" },
},
{
name = "Upstep",
symbols = { "ꜛ" },
},
{
name = "Global rise",
symbols = { "↗" },
article = "Intonation (linguistics)",
},
{
name = "Global fall",
symbols = { "↘" },
article = "Intonation (linguistics)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
{
name = "Bilabial percussive",
symbols = { "ʬ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav"
},
{
name = "Bidental percussive",
symbols = { "ʭ" },
audio = "Voiceless bidental percussive.wav"
},
{
name = "Velopharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ʩ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velopharyngeal trill",
symbols = { "𝼀", "ʩ𐞪" },
audio = "Voiceless Velopharyngeal Fricative Trill.ogg",
article = "Velopharyngeal consonant"
},
{
name = "Voiced velopharyngeal trill",
symbols = { "𝼀̬" },
article = "Velopharyngeal consonant"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative",
symbols = { "ʪ" },
article = "Voiceless lateral-median fricative"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative",
symbols = { "ʫ" },
article = "Voiced lateral-median fricative"
},
{
name = "Ingressive airflow",
symbols = { "↓" },
article = "Ingressive sound",
},
{
name = "Egressive airflow",
symbols = { "↑" },
article = "Egressive sound",
},
{
name = "Apical r",
symbols = { "ɹ̺" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Bunched r",
symbols = { "ɹ̈" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive",
symbols = { "¡" },
article = "Sublingual percussive",
},
{
name = "Percussive alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ¡" },
audio = "Percussive alveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Buccal interdental trill",
symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" },
article = "Blowing a raspberry",
},
-- NON-IPA
{
name = "Morphological boundary",
symbols = { "#" },
article = "Word stem",
},
{
name = "Zero",
symbols = { "∅" },
article = "Zero (linguistics)",
},
},
diacritics = {
-- DIACRITICS
{
name = "Voiceless",
symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẘ", "ẙ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced",
symbols = { "̬" },
article = "Voice (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Aspirated",
symbols = { "ʰ" },
article = "Aspirated consonant",
},
{
name = "More rounded",
symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" },
article = "Roundedness",
},
{
name = "Less rounded",
symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" },
article = "Roundedness",
},
{
name = "Advanced",
symbols = { "̟", "᫊", "᫈", "᫉", "˖" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "Retracted",
symbols = { "̠", "", "˗" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "Centralized",
symbols = { "̈" },
article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels",
},
{
name = "Mid-centralized",
symbols = { "̽", "͓" },
article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel",
},
{
name = "Syllabic",
symbols = { "̩", "̍" },
article = "Syllabic consonant",
},
{
name = "Non-syllabic",
symbols = { "̯", "̑" },
article = "Semivowel",
},
{
name = "Rhoticity",
symbols = { "˞" },
article = "R-colored vowel",
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
{
name = "Breathy voiced",
symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" },
article = "Breathy voice",
},
{
name = "Creaky voiced",
symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" },
article = "Creaky voice",
},
{
name = "Linguolabial",
symbols = { "̼" },
article = "Linguolabial consonant",
},
{
name = "Labialized",
symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" },
article = "Labialization",
},
{
name = "Palatalized",
symbols = { "ʲ" },
article = "Palatalization (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Velarized",
symbols = { "ˠ" },
article = "Velarization",
},
{
name = "Uvularized",
symbols = { "ʶ", "ᵡ" },
article = "Uvularization",
},
{
name = "Pharyngealized",
symbols = { "ˤ", "ᵸ" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Velarized or pharyngealized",
symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ", "ꭨ" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Epiglottalized",
symbols = { "𐞴" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Raised",
symbols = { "̝", "᷵", "˔" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "Lowered",
symbols = { "̞", "", "˕" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "Advanced tongue root",
symbols = { "̘", "", "꭪" },
},
{
name = "Retracted tongue root",
symbols = { "̙", "", "꭫" },
},
{
name = "Dental",
symbols = { "̪", "͆" },
article = "Dental consonant",
},
{
name = "Apical",
symbols = { "̺" },
article = "Apical consonant",
},
{
name = "Laminal",
symbols = { "̻" },
article = "Laminal consonant",
},
{
name = "Nasalized",
symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" },
article = "Nasalization",
},
{
name = "Nasal vowel",
symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɒ̃" },
},
{
name = "Nasal release",
symbols = { "ⁿ" },
},
{
name = "Lateral release",
symbols = { "ˡ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "No audible release",
symbols = { "̚" },
},
{
name = "Ejective",
symbols = { "ʼ" },
article = "Ejective consonant",
},
{
name = "Glottalized",
symbols = { "ˀ" },
article = "Glottalization",
},
{
name = "Labio-palatalized",
symbols = { "ᶣ" },
article = "Labio-palatalization",
},
{
name = "Buccal speech",
symbols = { "ↀ" },
},
{
name = "Esophageal speech",
symbols = { "Œ" },
},
{
name = "Electrolaryngeal speech",
symbols = { "И" },
},
{
name = "Tracheo-esophageal speech",
symbols = { "Ю" },
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
{
name = "Long",
symbols = { "ː" },
article = "Length (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Half-long",
symbols = { "ˑ" },
article = "Length (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Extra-short",
symbols = { "̆", "̮", "ŏ", "ӗ", "ă", "ĭ", "ŭ" },
article = "Extra-shortness",
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
{
name = "Accent",
symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ó", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" },
article = "Pitch-accent language",
},
{
name = "Tone",
symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" },
article = "Tone (linguistics)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
{
name = "Alveolar",
symbols = { "͇" },
article = "Alveolar consonant",
},
{
name = "Strong articulation",
symbols = { "͈", "̎" },
article = "Fortis and lenis",
},
{
name = "Weak articulation",
symbols = { "͉", "᷂" },
article = "Fortis and lenis",
},
{
name = "Denasalized",
symbols = { "͊" },
article = "Denasalization",
},
{
name = "Velopharyngeal friction",
symbols = { "͌" },
article = "Velopharyngeal consonant",
},
{
name = "Whistled articulation",
symbols = { "͎" },
article = "Whistled sibilant",
},
{
name = "Unaspirated",
symbols = { "˭" },
article = "Tenuis consonant",
},
{
name = "Pre-aspiration",
symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" },
article = "Preaspiration",
},
-- NON-IPA
{
name = "Retroflex",
symbols = { "̣", "̢" },
article = "Retroflex consonant",
},
{
name = "Prenasalized consonant",
symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿ̼d̼", "ᵐ̺b̺", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" },
},
{
name = "Pre-stopped consonant",
symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "𐞯", "𐞋", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "𐞒", "𐞳" },
},
{
name = "Post-stopped nasal",
symbols = { "mᵇ", "nᵈ", "ɳ𐞋", "ɲᶡ", "ŋᶢ", "ɴ𐞒" },
},
{
name = "Trilled affricate",
symbols = { "ʳ", "𐞄", "𐞪", "pʙ̥", "bʙ", "dʙ", "tr̥", "dr" },
},
}
}
for k, group in pairs(rawData) do
for _, v in ipairs(group) do
local t = {
name = v.name,
symbol = v.symbols[1],
article = v.article or v.name,
audio = v.audio or ""
}
for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do
data[k][s] = t
end
end
end
return { data = data, rawData = rawData }